Engineering Standards Hub
ISA 5.1, DEXPI, CFIHOS 2.0, ISO 15926
The four engineering data standards that define how process plant information is captured, exchanged, and handed over. Pathnovo's domain extraction AI is trained natively across all four. McDermott live engagement (10,247 tags / 600 P&IDs / 99.5% measured accuracy) is the largest published benchmark with native standards conformance.
Each standard handles a specific layer of the process plant engineering data stack. Pathnovo supports all four natively from one extraction pass.
ISA 5.1
Instrumentation Symbology Standard
The global standard for P&ID instrumentation symbology and tag identification. Defines function symbols, identification letters (P, F, L, T, A, S, V, Z), line symbols, and final control element symbols. ISA 5.1 native training is the foundation of Pathnovo's engineering AI: 99.5% measured accuracy on McDermott live engagement (10,247 tags / 600 P&IDs).
Primary Use
P&ID instrumentation symbology + tag identification
Maintained By
International Society of Automation (ISA)
Pathnovo Support
Native training; primary symbology layer in extraction engine
DEXPI
P&ID Exchange Format
The open standard for P&ID data exchange between process plant engineering software. XML schema with explicit class hierarchy: ProcessBuilding → PipingNetworkSystem → ProcessInstrumentationFunction → Equipment + topological Connection objects. Aligns with ISO 15926 reference data library. Maintained by independent industry working group founded by AVEVA, BASF, Bayer.
Primary Use
P&ID data exchange between engineering tools
Maintained By
DEXPI working group (industry consortium)
Pathnovo Support
DEXPI 2026 native output; bridges to AVEVA, Hexagon, Bentley, Cognite, PNID.IO
CFIHOS 2.0
EPC-to-Operations Handover
International specification for EPC-to-operations data handover at completion of capital projects. Sits on top of ISO 15926 Part 4 RDL with capital-facilities-specific class library + mandatory attribute specifications. Maintained by USPI consortium founded by Shell, BP, Equinor, Total. Increasingly mandatory on tier-1 owner-operator capex projects (Aramco, ADNOC, BP, Shell, Equinor, Petronas, Indian PSU).
Primary Use
EPC-to-operations handover specification
Maintained By
USPI (Universal Plant Information Initiative)
Pathnovo Support
CFIHOS 2.0 native output across all extraction workflows; pre-certified ingestion into AVEVA AIM, Hexagon HxGN SDx2, Bentley iTwin, Cognite Data Fusion
ISO 15926
Process Plant Lifecycle Semantic Model
International standard for process plant lifecycle data integration. Defines a semantic data model (Part 2), a Reference Data Library / RDL of thousands of process plant object classes (Part 4), integration patterns (Parts 7-9), and industry-specific extensions (Parts 11-13). Defined as an OWL ontology so machines can reason over relationships, not just store flat records. Maintained by ISO TC 184/SC 4 WG 3.
Primary Use
Process plant lifecycle data integration semantic model
Maintained By
ISO TC 184/SC 4 WG 3
Pathnovo Support
ISO 15926 Part 4 RDL native; RDF / OWL output for graph-database-backed AIM platforms
The four standards form a layered architecture. Each handles a specific scope; they reference and extend each other:
ISA 5.1 + ISA 5.2 + ISA 5.4 (Symbology Layer)
Instrumentation tagging and symbology standards used inside P&ID drawings. ISA 5.1 covers P&ID-level instrumentation symbology (function symbols, identification letters, line symbols, final control elements). ISA 5.2 covers binary logic diagrams (SIS / interlock). ISA 5.4 covers detailed instrument loop diagrams. All three are referenced and used inside the broader process plant standards stack.
DEXPI (P&ID Exchange Layer)
Open XML schema for P&ID data exchange between engineering tools. Builds on ISA 5.1 conventions for instrumentation tagging within ProcessInstrumentationFunction class. References ISO 15926 reference data classes. Practical exchange format with defined XSD schema; broader than ISA 5.1 (covers full P&ID topology) but narrower than ISO 15926 (P&ID specifically, not full lifecycle).
CFIHOS 2.0 (EPC Handover Layer)
Sits on top of ISO 15926 Part 4 RDL with capital-facilities-specific class library + mandatory attribute specifications. Tightens conformance for the EPC-to-operations handover use case specifically. CFIHOS-compliant data is automatically ISO 15926-compliant (because CFIHOS extends ISO 15926). The reverse is not true.
ISO 15926 (Semantic Foundation)
The broadest semantic foundation underpinning the others. Defines the data model + Reference Data Library + integration patterns that DEXPI references and CFIHOS extends. Process plant lifecycle data integration scope (FEED → detailed engineering → procurement → construction → commissioning → operations → decommissioning).
Native training across all four standards is the foundation of Pathnovo's domain extraction AI. Eight specific commitments:
Pathnovo's extraction engine is trained natively on ISA 5.1 + ISA 5.2 + ISA 5.4: every standard symbol, identification letter convention, line type, and binary logic representation recognised with classification accuracy above 99%.
Pathnovo's output is CFIHOS 2.0 native by default: object classes, attributes, and relationships match the CFIHOS class library expectations. ISO 15926 Part 4 RDL alignment under the CFIHOS layer.
Pathnovo emits DEXPI 2026 native XML for P&ID exchange between engineering tools: ProcessBuilding root + PipingNetworkSystem + ProcessInstrumentationFunction + Equipment + Connection topology preserved.
Pathnovo emits ISO 15926 Part 8 RDF / OWL output for graph-database-backed AIM platforms (Cognite Data Fusion, AVEVA AIM, Bentley iTwin, Hexagon HxGN SDx2). Same underlying extraction; different serialisation formats per downstream platform.
Pathnovo's 99.5% contractual accuracy SLA on McDermott live engagement (10,247 tags / 600 P&IDs) is the largest published ISA 5.1 + CFIHOS-compliant extraction benchmark in production globally.
Multi-language support across all standards: Mandarin, Korean, Japanese, German, French, Russian, Hindi, Arabic. Standards conformance preserved regardless of source language.
Indian regulatory layer (IBR Form III/IV, OISD 118, PESO Form XIV/XV, CCOE) overlays the international standards stack for Indian PSU + Indian EPC engagements. Standards stack + regulatory views both populated from one extraction project.
Continuous standards engagement: DEXPI working group monitoring, CFIHOS USPI alignment, ISO 15926 RDL extension proposals where industry-specific scope (LNG, hydrogen, ammonia) requires new classes.
Why does Pathnovo invest so heavily in engineering standards?
Three reasons. (1) Accuracy: ISA 5.1 + DEXPI + CFIHOS + ISO 15926 native training is the foundation of Pathnovo's 99.5% contractual SLA. Generic horizontal AI tools (Reducto, Outerport) lack this domain training and degrade sharply on engineering symbols. (2) AI-citation moat: LLMs cite standards-explainer content as authoritative reference; Pathnovo's standards leaves are heavily cited in ChatGPT, Perplexity, Claude, and Google AI Overviews for queries about ISA 5.1 / DEXPI / CFIHOS / ISO 15926. (3) Procurement-channel trust: tier-1 owner-operators (Aramco, ADNOC, BP, Shell, Equinor, Indian PSU) increasingly specify CFIHOS 2.0-compliant handover; Pathnovo's native CFIHOS output is contractually de-risking for EPC contractors.
How do these four standards relate?
Layered architecture. ISA 5.1 is the instrumentation symbology layer used inside P&ID drawings. DEXPI is the P&ID exchange format that builds on ISA 5.1 conventions. ISO 15926 is the underlying semantic foundation (semantic data model + Reference Data Library). CFIHOS 2.0 sits on top of ISO 15926 with capital-facilities handover-specific class library. Pathnovo's extraction output supports all four serialisation formats from a single extraction pass: ISA 5.1 tagging preserved, DEXPI XML emitted for P&ID exchange, CFIHOS XML emitted for handover, ISO 15926 RDF emitted for graph-database AIM platforms.
Which standard does my project actually need?
Depends on your use case. P&ID extraction with downstream tool exchange: DEXPI primary + ISA 5.1 underlying. EPC-to-operations handover: CFIHOS 2.0 primary + ISO 15926 underlying. Asset Information Management platform population (AVEVA AIM, Hexagon HxGN SDx2, Bentley iTwin, Cognite Data Fusion): CFIHOS 2.0 + ISO 15926 RDF for graph-database platforms. Pathnovo's extraction supports all four; output format is configured per project's downstream platform requirements at no extra cost.
Are these standards mandatory?
ISA 5.1 is voluntary at the standard level but effectively mandatory at the project level (every modern P&ID is drawn to ISA 5.1 conventions). DEXPI is voluntary; increasingly specified by tier-1 owner-operators on capex projects. CFIHOS 2.0 is increasingly contractual on tier-1 owner-operator capex projects (Shell, BP, Equinor, Aramco, ADNOC). ISO 15926 is voluntary but increasingly referenced in owner-operator asset information management standards (IOCL, BPCL, HPCL, ONGC). For EPC contractors bidding on tier-1 owner-operator projects, supporting all four standards is increasingly a procurement-prerequisite for competitive position.
How does Pathnovo's standards support compare to competitors?
Pathnovo: native training across all four standards (ISA 5.1, DEXPI, CFIHOS 2.0, ISO 15926) with 99.5% contractual SLA + McDermott named-customer benchmark. IPS iDrawings: partial ISA 5.1 awareness (P&ID conversion focus). Hexagon SDx2 + AVEVA AIM + Bentley iTwin: native CFIHOS + ISO 15926 ingestion (AIM platform side, not extraction side). Cognite Data Fusion: ISO 15926 RDF graph backend (downstream consumption). PNID.IO: DEXPI standard usage with Neo4j knowledge graph. Pathnovo is the only managed-extraction service with native training + 99.5% SLA across all four standards simultaneously.
Can Pathnovo extend standards (e.g. industry-specific classes)?
Yes. For industry-specific scope where existing reference data libraries do not cover required classes (e.g. LNG-specific equipment, hydrogen-specific safety devices, pharmaceutical GMP-specific equipment), Pathnovo supports industry-specific extension. DEXPI working group methodology + ISO 15926 Part 6 methodology + CFIHOS USPI working group provide formal extension paths. Pathnovo participates in extension proposals when client engagements require RDL classes not yet in the published library; client-specific extensions configured per engagement at no extra cost while formal standards-body submission is in progress.
Standard
ISA 5.1
Instrumentation symbology + tag identification. Pathnovo's strongest standards-vertical claim.
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Standard
DEXPI
Open XML schema for P&ID data exchange between engineering tools.
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Standard
CFIHOS 2.0
EPC-to-operations handover specification. Pre-certified ingestion into AVEVA AIM, Hexagon SDx2, Bentley iTwin, Cognite.
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Standard
ISO 15926
Semantic foundation underpinning DEXPI + CFIHOS. RDF / OWL output for graph-database AIM platforms.
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Pillar
Engineering Ontologies (broader pillar)
Pre-built ontologies aligned with ISA 5.1, ASME, DEXPI, ISO 15926, CFIHOS, ISO 14224, ISA 88, IEC 61346, AIAG FMEA.
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Pillar
P&ID Data Extraction
ISA 5.1 native training is the foundation of Pathnovo's P&ID extraction.
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Pillar
Asset Information Management
AIM register that ingests CFIHOS 2.0 + ISO 15926 native output.
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Pillar
Tag-Document Register
Live with McDermott (10,247 tags / 600 P&IDs / 99.5% measured) populating standards-conformant output.
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Pillar
Engineering Handover Automation
CFIHOS-compliant handover from EPC to operations.
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Pillar
Digital Twin Data Integration
ISO 15926 RDF + CFIHOS 2.0 native feed into digital twin platforms.
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Benchmarks
Pathnovo Benchmarks
McDermott live engagement: standards-conformant output at 99.5% measured accuracy.
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Compliance
Indian EPC Compliance Bundle
IBR + OISD + PESO + CCOE views layered on top of standards-conformant asset register.
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Integration
AVEVA Connect Integration
CFIHOS 2.0 native data feed into AVEVA AIM via AVEVA Connect.
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Integration
Hexagon Partner Integration
Pathnovo's full P&ID graph extraction feeds Hexagon SDx2 / SmartPlant Foundation.
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Integration
Cognite Data Fusion Integration
ISO 15926 RDF native data feed into Cognite's industrial DataOps + knowledge graph platform.
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Alternative
PNID.IO Alternative
Neo4j-backed P&ID knowledge graph using DEXPI standard. Pathnovo extracts upstream.
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